HUMANKIND/기술
[각주]
1. 개요
HUMANKIND에서 연구 가능한 기술들을 다루는 문서이다. 현재 산업시대까지 기술 총 63개가 공개된 상태이며, 기술명은 발매시점에서 또는 공식 번역에서 달라질 수 있다.
2. 상세
여러모로 전작인 엔레나 엔스2보다는 문명에 가까운 방식으로 바뀌었다. 다만 선행기술 요구가 여럿 있어도 그 중에서 하나만 연구하면 후속기술 연구가 가능해지는 방식으로, 원하지 않는 기술을 연구하지 않고 건너뛸 수 있는 점은 전작들을 계승한 점이라 할 수 있다. 시빅선택을 통해 개방되는 극소수의 인프라/유닛과 문화선택시 바로 건설이 가능한 상징구역 등을 사례를 제외하면 전부 기술을 통해 얻어야 하기 때문에 과학력을 끌어올리는 것이 중요하긴 하지만, 시대의 별을 모아 시대 진행을 하지 않으면 다음 시대 기술 연구가 막히기 때문에 과학력만으로 기술격차를 크게 벌리는 것은 어렵다.
기술 갯수는 고대 13개, 고전 12개, 중세 10개, 근세 11개, 산업 17개로 시대별로 편차가 있는 편이며 아직 기술이 공개되지 않은 현대시대는 기술을 더 많이 가지고 있다고 알려져있다. 현대시대를 찍어야 문화선택이 완성되고 비행 등의 중요기술이 산업시대 후반에나 등장하는만큼 현대시대 컨텐츠를 늘리기 위한 것으로 추정된다.
기술은 역법이나 청동기술처럼 자연/기술과학에 관련된 것들이 다수 등장하나 동시에 문자나 철학, 수사학과 같은 인문사회적인 것들도 다수 등장한다. 공식적으로는 테크트리 탭을 기술(Technology) 대신 발전(Progress)이라 부르는 만큼 과학력과 기술의 역할을 엄격하게 자연과학에 한정하고 있지는 않다.
3. 고대 시대
3.1. 1티어
3.1.1. 역법 (Calendar)
Now that they are living in permanent settlements, villagers want to track the changes of the seasons and organize the planting of crops.
3.1.2. 가축화 (Domestication)
The taming and breeding of wild animals such as pigs and buffalo bring new means of eating and working.
3.1.3. 목공술 (Carpentry)
The art of woodworking is essential for bowmaking and lays the foundation for future constructions.
3.1.4. 도시 방어 (City Defense)
With the advent of permanent settlements, thought naturally turns to security and defence. The earliest innovations are simple but effective.
3.2. 2티어
3.2.1. 관개 (Irrigation)
With a basic understanding of how the seasonal flooding of a river can be better controlled, water is no longer a matter only for the gods.
3.2.2. 기마술 (Horsemanship)
Using horses for simple tilling is one thing, but riding a steed into battle requires another level of proficiency.
3.2.3. 어업 (Fishing)
Imagine not a single fish caught with a crude spear, but a net heaving with a writhing, silver-scaled catch.
3.2.4. 석공술 (Masonry)
With the ability to hew rocks into precise blocks held together with mortar, buildings can last centuries instead of years, transforming the character of cities.
3.2.5. 청동 기술 (Bronze-working)
Forged in fiery crucibles, bronze is stronger and more durable than copper and transforms tools, weapons, and armour.
3.3. 3티어
3.3.1. 문자 (Writing)
Though it starts as crude marks on simple materials, the ability to store and transmit knowledge will change the world.
3.3.2. 바퀴 (Wheel)
Perhaps inspired by the potter's wheel, wheeled means of transport shrink the world and offer new methods of waging war.
3.3.3. 항해술 (Sailing)
The frontiers of humankind are expanded by the revelation that bodies of water can be mastered through the use of sailboats.
3.3.4. 조직전 (Organized Warfare)
As weapons, armour, and structures evolve, military-minded leaders turn their attention to creating well-trained and -equipped armies.
4. 고전 시대
4.1. 1티어
4.1.1. 철학 (Philosophy)
By turning casual questions on matters of existence, values, and reality into a topic of fully-fledged study, cultures can better understand the world and themselves.
4.1.2. 수문학 (Hydrology)
Underpinning important advances in civil engineering, hydrology offers basic theories regarding the flow of water and the water cycle.
4.1.3. 장거리 무역 (Trade Expeditions)
As talented traders and scribes master the languages of distant lands, trade and commercial relations grow and flourish.
4.1.4. 방어 시설 (Fortifications)
Designed to protect cities from invaders and solidify peace-time rule, fortifications play an important strategic role in the development of regional powers.
4.1.5. 상비군 (Standing Army)
A permanent army of full-time soldiers, whether the empire is at war or peace, allows the diversification of military classes and easier mobilization for war.
4.2. 2티어
4.2.1. 수사학 (Rhetoric)
As citizens congregate in public spaces, demagogues and others hone the arts of persuasion, paving the way for more formalized instruction and entertainment.
4.2.2. 세공술 (Craftsmanship)
By progressing the myriad arts of culture from individual endeavours to skilled crafts executed with knowledge and training, true quality can flourish.
4.2.3. 정복 (Conquest)
Controlling newly conquered lands requires more effort than one might think. Logistical concerns like supply trains and administration are key to make conquests successful.
4.2.4. 기마전 (Mounted Warfare)
Equipping mounts with armour and riding them into battle with sword-, bow-, lance-, or axe-bearing riders is an expensive but effective strategy.
4.3. 3티어
4.3.1. 국외 전초기지 (Foreign Outposts)
Extending the reach of an empire by establishing remote settlements in faraway regions is an important step in cultural and commercial expansion.
4.3.2. 황제권 (Imperial Power)
Formalizing the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of citizens, through laws or local administrators, permits the application of long-distance political power through non-violent means.
4.3.3. 공성 전략 (Siege Tactics)
Whether a siege is an attritional campaign or a direct assault, effective tactics can be the difference between success and failure.
5. 중세 시대
5.1. 1티어
5.1.1. 신학 (Theology)
A focus on theological matters not only brings us closer to the divine but can lead to lives of modesty and piety.
5.1.2. 봉건제 (Feudalism)
While warriors become vassals of overlords, gaining estates of land in exchange for military service, the peasantry works these lands, gaining protection in return.
5.1.3. 전시 소집 (War Summons)
The innovation of a call-to-arms allows different parts of society to train independently during times of peace, leading to a bigger range of military units.
5.2. 2티어
5.2.1. 고급 항해술 (Seafaring Mastery)
Working beyond calm, coastal waters requires a much greater understanding of the ocean.
5.2.2. 기사도 (Chivalry)
A moral and social system combining codes of conduct for knights and other nobles, establishing the concept of honour with vassalage to a lord.
5.2.3. 중장보병 (Heavy Infantry)
With an emphasis on armour and heavier weapons, the presence of heavy infantry can change the battlefield.
5.2.4. 축성술 (Military Architecture)
The dedicated study of structures from a military perspective usher in ideas for devious defences and formidable weapons.
5.3. 3티어
5.3.1. 연금술 (Alchemy)
With roots in religion and natural philosophy, the subject searches to understand both the mystical and the mundane.
5.3.2. 길드 (Guilds)
Associations of artisans or merchants ensure the quality of trades, but can also lead to secretive alliances.
5.3.3. 강철 (Furnace Steel)
Innovations in the forging process and the balance of materials used leads to a superior form of steel.
6. 근세 시대
6.1. 1티어
6.1.1. 삼본장선 (Three-Masted Ship)
New technologies are necessary to conquer the seas, particularly for undertaking long voyages across vast, dangerous oceans.
6.1.2. 함포 (Naval Artillery)
Waging war at sea requires improvements -- from simply keeping powder dry to planning global supply networks.
6.1.3. 중앙집권 (Centralized Power)
To better manage the evolution of complex empires - including wily lords with grand ambitions - a centralized system to collect and disburse taxes is necessary.
6.1.4. 화력전 (Gunpowder Warfare)
An ancient mix of chemicals gains new life, as stronger metals can contain and orient the blast.
6.2. 2티어
6.2.1. 활자 (Movable Typeface)
Advancements in metallurgy and metalworking allow the creation of rapidly replaceable typefaces, revolutionizing printing.
6.2.2. 특허 회사 (Chartered Companies)
The creation of charters and shares allows companies to manage and take greater risks, in the hopes of greater profits.
6.2.3. 후원 (Patronage)
As wealthy empires grow, merchants and nobles express their power by funding artistic endeavours and scientific research.
6.2.4. 공급선 (Supply Lines)
With commercial outposts developing trade routes, managing global supply routes gains commercial and military importance.
6.2.5. 공성포 (Siege Cannons)
Packed with frightening explosive power, in a few hours these new weapons can crumble city walls that have stood for millennia.
6.3. 3티어
6.3.1. 중상주의 (Mercantilism)
A zero-sum trade system, this maximizes a nation's exports at the expense of other nations -- and one's colonies.
6.3.2. 수발총 (Flintlock)
Firearms utilizing a flint striking ignition mechanism supersede earlier designs, offering armies a faster, more reliable method of discharging weapons.
7. 산업 시대
7.1. 1티어
7.1.1. 백과사전 (Encyclopedia)
The tome encompassing the sum of human knowledge is sought by the tyrant and the benevolent alike.
7.1.2. 카빈 (Carbine)
Power is often wielded at the end of a gun barrel; one hopes that improved barrels might lead to increased power.
7.2. 2티어
7.2.1. 증기기관 (Steam Engine)
Simple elements come together as humankind learns to turn steam pressure into rotational force.
7.2.2. 군사조직 (Military Coordination)
Ranks and orders turn a chaotic horde into a coordinated and impressive war machine.
7.3. 3티어
7.3.1. 과학적 방법론 (Scientific Method)
This distils thousands of years of speculation on how to discover natural truths into an instrument of razor-sharp precision.
7.3.2. 민족주의 (Nationhood)
Deepening a people's bonds, by emphasizing their common origins, increases feelings of patriotism and enhances political power.
7.3.3. 선형진 (Line Formation)
Though individual soldiers may feel exposed, the firepower massed by the line formation permits devastating volleys.
7.4. 4티어
7.4.1. 프로펠러 (Propeller)
Revolutionizing seafaring vessels, ships need no longer travel at the whims of wind and current.
7.4.2. 기계화 (Mechanization)
Stronger, faster, more productive! Mechanization is the dream of tomorrow, today!
7.4.3. 전기 (Electricity)
Born in the minds of visionaries who tinkered with strange metals, even they couldn't have foreseen electricity's reach.
7.5. 5티어
7.5.1. 내연기관 (Combustion Engine)
Finally able to create engines of a more portable size, the demand for black gold will rocket.
7.5.2. 미생물학 (Microbiology)
With the microscopic world no longer the purview of fantasists, disease and decomposition can start to be understood.
7.5.3. 도시 계획 (Urban Planning)
In the perfect city, light and space, markets and entertainments, are available for everyone to the benefit of all.
7.5.4. 게릴라전 (Guerilla Warfare)
Taking advantage of the lands that they know far better than invading armies, local resistance groups are trained to fight lethal hit-and-run battles.
7.6. 6티어
7.6.1. 비행술 (Aeronautics)
Humans have always dreamed of flight. Now, with new physics, robust materials, and brave pioneers, these fantasies can come true.
7.6.2. 무선 전신 (Wireless Telegraphy)
The elimination of the necessity of wires for long-range communication is both magical and powerful.
7.6.3. 참호전 (Trench Warfare)
By digging in and building heavily fortified and interconnected positions, strategic advantage can be taken by the defender.